ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Although endophytic bacteria impact the health, and ultimately the fitness, of their hosts, our understanding of the diversity of endophytic species remains limited. Here we report on the endophytic microbiota inhabiting the roots, healthy leaves and leaves attacked by a gall-inducing insect of Baccharis dracunculifolia, a species of major economic relevance in South America, using 16S rRNA gene new generation sequencing. Rhodoplanes and Nitrospira were well represented in the communities of roots and leaves; known to be important for nitrogen cycling. The difference in bacterial diversity between healthy and galled leaves was not pronounced. The leaves seem to harbor specialized bacteria with high tolerances to abiotic stresses such as wide variation in temperature, low humidity, shallow and nutrient-poor soils and high solar irradiation. These findings suggest taxon-specific ecological niches in the leaves and roots, which may be the result of different physicochemical characteristics between these structures. This study provides a basis for further investigations and adds significant new information to the current knowledge of the endophytic bacterial composition in B. dracunculifolia.
ABSTRACT
Sequence variation among different hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates has adaptive significance and reflects the modes and intensities of selection mechanisms operating on the virus. In this work, we sought to investigate using classical population genetics parameters, the genetic variability of HCV genotype 1 using the 5' UTR and NS5A regions from treatment non-responding and responding groups of patients. Both regions showed low genetic varia-bility and the 5' UTR showed neutral deviation. No differences were observed in the nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide substitution ratio among groups for NS5A. The analysis of molecular variance test of the 5' UTR region showed an 11.94 percent variation among groups. Phylogenetic analysis showed no correlation between sequence variations and therapeutic responses.
Subject(s)
Humans , /genetics , Genetic Variation/genetics , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Genotype , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha , Phylogeny , Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use , RNA, Viral/genetics , Ribavirin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Os autores comparam duas etapas de análises de um estudo retrospectivo sobre pacientes internados com pneumonia aguda bacteriana na Enfermaria de Pediatria do Hospital Escola da PUCCAMP, no ano de 1983 e 1987: observando-se maior permanência hospitalar, com maior necessidade de associaçäo ou substitutiçäo ao antibiótico de 1ª escolha (penicilina) no grupo de pacientes de 1987, embora sem significativa alteraçäo do perfil nutricional, procedência e de antecedentes de penumopatias anteriores. Ressaltam ainda a importância de anamnese e exame clínico detalhados, para a segurança diagnóstica e de escolha da antibioticoterapia